Nh??n t??? Trung Qu???c trong th??ch th???c ph??t tri???n h??? t???ng t???i Vi???t Nam

T??c gi???: L?? H???ng Hi???p

V??o ng??y 24 th??ng 9 n??m 2019, B??? Giao th??ng V???n t???i Vi???t Nam ???? th??ng b??o h???y s?? tuy???n ?????u th???u qu???c t??? r???ng r??i cho t??m ??o???n c???a d??? ??n ???????ng cao t???c B???c ??? Nam, v???n s??? ???????c x??y d???ng theo m?? h??nh X??y d???ng-V???n h??nh-Chuy???n giao (BOT). Quan tr???ng h??n, B??? ???? quy???t ?????nh lo???i c??c nh?? ?????u t?? n?????c ngo??i, thay v??o ???? s??? t??? ch???c m???i s?? tuy???n m???i v???i nh???ng ti??u ch?? th???p h??n ch??? d??nh cho c??c nh?? ?????u t?? trong n?????c v??o n??m sau.

D?? quy???t ?????nh n??y s??? l??m ch???m ti???n ????? th???c hi???n d??? ??n quan tr???ng n??y nh??ng n?? nh??n chung ???? ???????c c??ng ch??ng Vi???t Nam hoan ngh??nh. M???t s??? nh?? b??nh lu???n th???m ch?? c??n cho r???ng ????y c?? l??? l?? ???quy???t ?????nh t???t nh???t??? t??? tr?????c t???i  nay c???a B??? tr?????ng Giao th??ng V???n t???i Nguy???n V??n Th???, ng?????i ???? ?????i m???t v???i nhi???u ch??? tr??ch v??? n??ng l???c c??ng nh?? t??nh  tr???ng tham nh??ng tr??n lan trong l??nh v???c ph??t tri???n c?? s??? h??? t???ng giao th??ng.

Kh??ng c?? g?? ????ng ng???c nhi??n khi Trung Qu???c d?????ng nh?? l?? m???t nh??n t??? ch??nh d???n t???i quy???t ?????nh n??y c??ng nh?? th??i ????? ???ng h??? c???a c??ng ch??ng Vi???t Nam. M???t n???a trong s??? kho???ng s??u m????i nh?? ?????u t?? ???? g???i h??? s?? s?? tuy???n ?????n t??? Trung Qu???c, l??m t??ng tri???n v???ng c??c nh?? ?????u t?? Trung Qu???c s??? gi??nh ???????c h???u h???t c??c h???p ?????ng BOT n??y. ??i???u n??y ???? t???o c???m gi??c b???t an trong s??? c??c quan ch???c c??ng nh?? c??ng ch??ng Vi???t Nam.

Th??? nh???t, c??c nh?? th???u Trung Qu???c c?? uy t??n r???t th???p ??? Vi???t Nam. H??? n???i ti???ng v?? th?????ng ch???m ti???n ?????, ?????i v???n v?? c?? ch???t l?????ng x??y d???ng k??m ??? nhi???u d??? ??n kh??c nhau, b??n c???nh nh???ng v???n ????? kh??c. Tuy???n t??u ??i???n C??t Linh ??? H?? ????ng ??? H?? N???i, ???????c t??i tr??? b???i c??c kho???n vay t??? Trung Qu???c v?? ???????c x??y d???ng b???i m???t nh?? th???u Trung Qu???c, l?? m???t v?? d??? ??i???n h??nh. D??? ??n ban ?????u ???????c l??n k??? ho???ch ho??n th??nh v??o n??m 2013, nh??ng ?????n th??ng 10 n??m 2019, ng??y ho??n th??nh c???a d??? ??n v???n c??n m?? m???t. Chi ph?? d??? ??n c??ng ???? t??ng h??n g???p ????i, t??? m???c 377 tri???u ???? la M??? l??n m???c 771 tri???u ???? la. ???? c?? m???t v??i tai n???n x???y ra trong qu?? tr??nh x??y d???ng v?? h??? s?? an to??n ????ng ng??? c???a d??? ??n hi???n ??ang l?? m???t trong nh???ng v???n ????? ch??nh khi???n d??? ??n ch??a ???????c nghi???m thu ????? ????a v??o ho???t ?????ng.

Th??? hai, ???? c?? nh???ng lo ng???i cho r???ng n???u ???????c x??y d???ng v?? v???n h??nh b???i c??c nh?? ?????u t?? Trung Qu???c, c??c d??? ??n BOT n??y s??? g??y ra s??? b???t m??n trong nhi???u ng?????i Vi???t Nam n???u x??t t??nh c???m ch???ng Trung Qu???c ??ang ??? m???c cao c???a ng?????i d??n. C??c d??? ??n BOT t???i Vi???t Nam ???? v???p ph???i nhi???u cu???c bi???u t??nh ph???n ?????i trong nh???ng n??m g???n ????y, ch??? y???u l?? do v???n ????? l??? ph?? ho???c ??i???m ?????t c??c tr???m thu ph?? b???t h???p l??. T??nh  tr???ng n??y, c???ng v???i y???u t??? Trung Qu???c, c?? th??? khi???n d??? ??n tr??? th??nh m???t m???c ti??u m???i c???a c??c cu???c bi???u t??nh ph???n ?????i c???a c??ng ch??ng, t???o ra c??c ??i???m n??ng ch??nh tr??? ti???m t??ng m?? ch??nh ph??? Vi???t Nam kh??ng mu???n g???p ph???i.

Cu???i c??ng, v???i vi???c Trung Qu???c t??m c??ch m??? r???ng ph???m vi ???nh h?????ng kinh t??? v?? ?????a chi???n l?????c th??ng qua ?????u t?? c?? s??? h??? t???ng qu???c t??? nh?? S??ng ki???n ??????V??nh ??ai v?? Con ???????ng, gi???i ch???c Vi???t Nam d?????ng nh?? th???y c???n ph???i c???nh gi??c tr?????c s??? tham gia c???a c??c nh?? ?????u t?? Trung Qu???c v??o c??c d??? ??n c?? s??? h??? t???ng, ?????c bi???t l?? nh???ng d??? ??n c?? t??c ?????ng an ninh qu???c gia quan tr???ng nh?? ???????ng cao t???c B???c ??? Nam. Vi???c Trung Qu???c li??n t???c vi ph???m v??ng ?????c quy???n kinh t??? v?? th???m l???c ?????a c???a Vi???t Nam ??? Bi???n ????ng k??? t??? ?????u th??ng 7 t???i nay c??ng l??m t??ng th??m m???i lo ng???i c???a H?? N???i v??? vi???c cho ph??p c??c c??ng ty Trung Qu???c tham gia ?????u th???u d??? ??n.

Vi???c h???y b??? s?? tuy???n ?????u th???u cho d??? ??n l??m n???i b???t v???n ????? nan gi???i c???a Vi???t Nam trong vi???c kh???c ph???c n??t th???t c?? s??? h??? t???ng ????? th??c ?????y t??ng tr?????ng kinh t??? trong khi ch???ng l???i nh???ng ???nh h?????ng kinh t??? v?? an ninh kh??ng mong mu???n t??? Trung Qu???c. V?? Vi???t Nam c???n ngu???n v???n t?? nh??n v?? chuy??n m??n k??? thu???t ????? x??y d???ng d??? ??n m???t c??ch k???p th???i v?? hi???u qu???, vi???c d??nh ri??ng d??? ??n cho c??c nh?? ?????u t?? trong n?????c khi???n t??nh h???p l?? v??? m???t kinh t??? c???a quy???t ?????nh n??y b??? nghi ng???.

M???c d?? c??c c??ng ty Vi???t Nam kh??ng thi???u chuy??n m??n k??? thu???t, vi???c ?????m b???o ????? ngu???n v???n ????? t??i tr??? cho vi???c x??y d???ng d??? ??n l?? c??? m???t v???n ?????. Trong s??? m?????i m???t ??o???n c???a d??? ??n, ch??? c?? ba ??o???n ???????c x??y d???ng b???i ng??n s??ch nh?? n?????c, t??m ??o???n c??n l???i s??? d???a v??o ngu???n v???n t?? nh??n. H???u h???t c??c c??ng ty x??y d???ng c???a Vi???t Nam kh??ng c?? ????? v???n ????? tham gia x??y d???ng th???m ch?? c??? c??c ??o???n ng???n nh???t c???a d??? ??n, v???n c?? t???ng chi ph?? d??? ki???n kho???ng 4,3 t??? ???? la. Vi???c ??i vay t??? c??c ng??n h??ng ?????a ph????ng s??? kh?? kh??n do c??c ng??n h??ng kh??ng m???n m?? v???i c??c d??? ??n c?? s??? h??? t???ng BOT, ch??? y???u l?? do t??nh hi???u qu??? th???p v?? c??c tai ti???ng g???n li???n v???i c??c d??? ??n t????ng t??? ???? ??i v??o ho???t ?????ng. N???u c??c nh?? ?????u t?? Trung Qu???c v?? c??c n?????c kh??c ???????c ph??p tham gia ?????u th???u d??? ??n, t??? m??nh ho???c li??n danh v???i c??c nh?? ?????u t?? trong n?????c, th?? Vi???t Nam s??? d??? gi???i quy???t b??i  to??n ngu???n v???n h??n nhi???u.

C??u chuy???n v??? d??? ??n ???????ng cao t???c B???c ??? Nam c???a Vi???t Nam l?? m???t v?? d??? minh h???a cho v???n ????? nan gi???i c???a c??c n?????c ??ang ph??t tri???n trong vi???c c??n b???ng gi???a nhu c???u ph??t tri???n v?? c??c m???i quan t??m an ninh, ?????c bi???t l?? trong vi???c xem x??t c??c kho???n vay v?? ?????u t?? t??? Trung Qu???c. Trong khi nhi???u qu???c gia ???? ch???n ph??t tri???n, Vi???t Nam ???? ??u ti??n an ninh h??n, nh?? ???? th???y trong tr?????ng h???p d??? ??n n??y c??ng nh?? vi???c tri???n khai m???ng 5G, theo ???? H?? N???i ???? lo???i tr??? Huawei.

V???i t??nh tr???ng thi???u v???n, h???u qu??? tr?????c m???t t??? quy???t ?????nh c???a Vi???t Nam s??? l?? s??? ch???m tr??? trong vi???c tri???n khai d??? ??n. Nh??ng v???i t??nh tr???ng hi???n t???i c???a quan h??? Vi???t ??? Trung, c??c l???a ch???n c???a Vi???t Nam l?? r???t h???n ch???. C??c nh?? ho???ch ?????nh ch??nh s??ch nh???y c???m v??? an ninh c???a Vi???t Nam d?????ng nh?? tin r???ng cho d?? ph?? t???n kinh t??? ti???m t??ng l?? g?? th?? trong ???ng x??? v???i Trung Qu???c, ???ch???m m?? ch???c??? bao gi??? c??ng l?? c??ch ti???p c???n t???t h??n.

L?? H???ng Hi???p l?? Nghi??n c???u vi??n ch??nh t???i Vi???n ISEAS ??? Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore.