G??c khu???t t??nh ??i v?? quy???n l???c c???a ba ch??? em nh?? h??? T???ng

T??c gi???: Minh Hoa

Cu???n ???Big Sister, Little Sister, Red Sister??? l?? m???t c??u chuy???n ?????y c???m th??ng v???i s??? ph???n c???a ???T???ng gia t??? mu???i??? trong th???i k?? Trung Qu???c ?????y bi???n ?????ng.

Trong ph???n gi???i thi???u cu???n s??ch m???i Big Sister, Little Sister, Red Sister: Three Women at the Heart of Twentieth-Century China, ra m???t ng??y 15/10, t??c gi??? Jung Chang vi???t r???ng ?? t?????ng ban ?????u c???a c?? l?? vi???t m???t cu???n s??ch v??? T??n Trung S??n. C?? mu???n t??m hi???u xem li???u ??ng c?? th???c s??? l?? m???t nh?? l??nh ?????o c??ch m???ng ti??n phong c???a Trung Qu???c hay kh??ng.

Nh??ng nh???ng c??u chuy???n v??? ng?????i v??? c???a ??ng, b?? T???ng Kh??nh Linh v?? 2 ch??? em g??i c???a b?? l?? T???ng ??i Linh v?? T???ng M??? Linh ???? cu???n h??t Jung Chang. V?? c?? quy???t ?????nh cho ra m???t m???t cu???n s??ch v??? nh???ng th??ng tr???m c???a 3 ch??? em g??i ?????y quy???n l???c nh?? h??? T???ng.

C??? 3 ng?????i, ??i Linh, Kh??nh Linh v?? M??? Linh ?????u ???????c sinh ra ??? Th?????ng H???i v??o kho???ng ?????u th??? k??? tr?????c v?? h???c t???p t???i ?????i h???c Wesleyan ??? Macon, Georgia, m???t trong nh???ng tr?????ng ?????i h???c d??nh cho n??? gi???i l??u ?????i nh???t n?????c M???.

Cha c???a h???, ??ng T???ng Gia Th???, c??ng ti???p thu n???n gi??o d???c M??? v?? l?? m???t nh?? truy???n gi??o trong th???i gian ??? M???. Vi???c ???????c ??i h???c cao, c?? n???n t???ng gia ????nh t???t, th??ng th???o ti???ng Anh v?? hi???u bi???t v??? ch??? ngh??a qu???c t??? ???? gi??p ch??? em nh?? h??? T???ng c?? v??? tr?? cao trong x?? h???i th?????ng l??u Th?????ng H???i. V?? h??? c??ng ???? t???o n??n m???t s??? kh??c bi???t l???n v???i t???t c??? nh???ng ph??? n??? Trung Qu???c c?? h???c th???c kh??c khi k???t h??n v???i ba trong s??? nh???ng ng?????i ????n ??ng c?? ???nh h?????ng nh???t ??? Trung Qu???c l??c b???y gi???: Nh?? c??ch m???ng T??n Trung S??n, T???ng th???ng Trung Hoa D??n Qu???c T?????ng Gi???i Th???ch v?? ng?????i gi??u nh???t Trung Qu???c v?? c??ng l?? h???u du??? c???a Kh???ng T???, Kh???ng T?????ng Hi.

M???i li??n h??? v???i nh?? c??ch m???ng Trung Qu???c

M???t ??i???u b???t ng??? l?? cu???n s??ch c???a Chang kh??ng b???t ?????u b???ng nh???ng c??u chuy???n c???a gia ????nh h??? T???ng, m?? thay v??o ???? l?? T??n Trung S??n. T??c gi??? mi??u t??? T??n Trung S??n l?? m???t ng?????i qu?? t???p trung v??o c??ng vi???c. Kh??ng ??? Trung Qu???c trong cu???c C??ch m???ng n??m 1911 nh??ng T??n Trung S??n ???? ????ng g??p c??ng s???c r???t l???n v?? ???????c b???u l??m ?????i t???ng th???ng l??m th???i Trung Hoa D??n Qu???c n??m 1912. Nh??ng ch??? sau m???t kho???ng th???i gian ng???n ??ng ???? th???c hi???n l???i h???a nh?????ng ch???c cho Vi??n Th??? Kh???i v???i ??i???u ki???n ??ng n??y ph???i b???t vua nh?? Thanh tho??i v??? ????? th??nh l???p ch??? ????? c???ng h??a. Nh??ng Vi??n Th??? Kh???i ???? kh??ng th???c hi???n l???i h???a v?? h??nh tr??nh c??ch m???ng sau ???? c???a T??n Trung S??n h???t s???c b??n ba, l???n ?????n.

Ba ch??? em nh?? h??? T???ng ???? c?? r???t nhi???u ???nh h?????ng trong l???ch s??? Trung Qu???c th??? k??? 20. ???nh: Alamy.

V?? m???i li??n h??? gi???a T??n Trung S??n v?? nh?? h??? T???ng b???t ?????u t??? ng?????i cha T???ng Gi??o Th???. ??ng T???ng r???t ng?????ng m??? T??n Trung S??n, ???? quy??n g??p m???t s??? ti???n l???n cho ho???t ?????ng c??ch m???ng v?? ???ng h??? n??? l???c ch???ng l???i Vi??n Th??? Kh???i, s??? ki???n ???????c g???i l?? ???cu???c c??ch m???ng l???n th??? hai??? c???a T??n Trung S??n. Sau khi h??nh ?????ng n??y th???t b???i, T??n Trung S??n ???? ph???i sang l??u vong t???i Nh???t B???n. ??ng T???ng Gia Th??? v?? c?? con g??i l???n ??i Linh, th?? k?? ti???ng Anh cho T??n Trung S??n, c??ng ?????ng h??nh v?? h??? tr??? r???t nhi???u cho nh?? c??ch m???ng Trung Qu???c. T??c gi??? Jung Chang c?? ti???t l??? chi ti???t l?? T??n Trung S??n ???? theo ??u???i ??i Linh v?? c???u h??n b??, d?? ??ng ???? c?? m???t ng?????i v???.

L??c n??y, m???t s??? vi???c c?? th??? ???? ph???n n??o thay ?????i suy ngh?? c???a ??i Linh v?? gia ????nh h??? T???ng v?? h??? c?? th??? ???? th???y ??ng qu?? t???p trung v??o c??ng vi???c. Trong khi T??n Trung S??n ??ang ??? Osaka, ??ng nh???n ???????c tin v??? ??ng c??ng m???t c?? con g??i g???p ph???i tai n???n xe h??i nghi??m tr???ng ??? Tokyo. Nh??ng thay v?? v???i v?? ?????n b??n v??? m??nh, Chang b??y t??? r???ng T??n Trung S??n kh??ng c?? ?? ?????nh v??? th??m h???. Chang ???? vi???t: ???Ph???n ???ng ?????u ti??n c???a ??ng ???y l?? kh??ng c?? l?? do g?? ????? ?????n Tokyo v?? ??ng kh??ng ph???i l?? b??c s?? c???a h???. V?? ??ng T??n cho r???ng ngay c??? khi ??ng ???y c?? l?? b??c s?? th?? c??ng qu?? mu???n ????? ?????n k???p. B??n c???nh ????, ??ng c??ng c??n c??c cu???c h???n ??? Fukuoka???.

??i Linh v?? cha m??nh ???? ph???n n??o s???ng s??? v??? quy???t ?????nh ????.

Sau khi ??i Linh k???t h??n v???i Kh???ng T?????ng Hi, b?? ???? kh??ng th??? ti???p t???c ?????m nh???n vai tr?? th?? k?? ti???ng Anh cho T??n Trung S??n. L??c n??y T???ng Kh??nh Linh tr??? th??nh ng?????i ph??? t?? m???i cho nh?? c??ch m???ng Trung Qu???c. B??? cu???n h??t b???i l?? t?????ng v?? con ng?????i c???a T??n Trung S??n, Kh??nh Linh ???? h???t l??ng v?? ??ng v?? ?????ng ?? k???t h??n v???i ??ng b???t ch???p s??? ph???n ?????i c???a cha m??nh.

?????c bi???t, t??c gi??? Chang c??ng l?? gi???i vi???c nh?? c??ch m???ng T??n Trung S??n hi???n v???n nh???n ???????c r???t nhi???u s??? k??nh tr???ng t??? ????i Loan, Trung Qu???c ?????i l???c v?? ??? c??c khu ph??? T??u tr??n kh???p th??? gi???i, m???t ph???n l?? v?? ch??nh T?????ng Gi???i Th???ch ???? t???o n??n s??? s??ng b??i c?? nh??n ?????i v???i ??ng T??n, ??i???u gi??p b???o ?????m v???n m???nh ch??nh tr??? c???a ch??nh ??ng ta v???i vai tr?? l?? ng?????i th???a k??? l?? t?????ng c???a T??n Trung S??n khi ??ng qua ?????i v??o n??m 1925.

Ba ng?? r??? ri??ng

V???i vai tr?? l?? v??? c???a T??n Trung S??n, th???i gian sau ????, T???ng Kh??nh Linh v???n n???i ti???p l?? t?????ng c??ch m???ng c???a ch???ng m??nh. Kh??nh Linh c??ng h???t s???c ???ng h??? v?? h??? tr??? ho???t ?????ng c???a nh???ng ng?????i c???ng s???n Trung Qu???c v?? l?? ng?????i duy nh???t trong 3 ch??? em ??? l???i Trung Qu???c sau n??m 1949. T??? ???? cho ?????n khi b?? m???t, n??m 1981, b?? c??ng kh??ng ???????c g???p l???i c??c ch??? em c???a m??nh.

T???ng M??? Linh, T???ng ??i Linh v?? T???ng Kh??nh Linh n??m 1942. ???nh: AP.

Ng?????i ch??? c???, ??i Linh, l?? m???t tr??? c???t kinh t??? c???a gia ????nh. Ph???n n??o nh??? v??o s??? gi??p ????? c???a b?? m?? ??ng Kh???ng T?????ng Hi ???? tr??? th??nh B??? tr?????ng T??i ch??nh v?? Th??? t?????ng c???a Trung Hoa D??n Qu???c. M???c d?? c??y vi???t Chang kh??ng ????? c???p nhi???u v??? ??i Linh nh?? Kh??nh Linh v?? M??? Linh nh??ng ch??nh ??i Linh l?? ng?????i ???? gi???i thi???u M??? Linh v?? T?????ng Gi???i Th???ch. B?? c??ng hi v???ng r???ng cu???c h??n nh??n n??y c?? th??? c???ng c??? h??n n???a s??? gi??u c?? v?? quy???n l???c c???a gia ????nh h??? T???ng. B?? ???? sang M??? v??o th???p ni??n 1940 v?? qua ?????i n??m 1973 t???i New York.

Kh??ng ch??? b??? thu h??t b???i v??? ?????p v?? t??nh c??ch c???a M??? Linh, T?????ng Gi???i Th???ch c??n nh???n th???y vai tr?? quan tr???ng c???a b?? trong ?????i nghi???p c???a ??ng ta: M??? Linh l?? m???t ng?????i n??i ti???ng Anh l??u lo??t v?? b?? c?? th??? tr?? chuy???n v???i c??c nh?? l??nh ?????o th??? gi???i v?? s??? mang l???i hi???u qu??? t???t trong c??c chi???n d???ch g??y qu??? cho ho???t ?????ng c???a T?????ng Gi???i Th???ch t???i M???. Nh??ng theo Jung Chang, M??? Linh ???? c???m th???y b??? T?????ng Gi???i Th???ch ph???n b???i l??ng tin khi ??ng ????? l???i cho gia ????nh b?? v??? s??? th???t b???i t???i Trung Qu???c ?????i l???c. M??? Linh l?? ng?????i s???ng l??u nh???t trong 3 ch??? em v?? d??nh 25 cu???i ?????i t???i NewYork. B?? m???t n??m 2003 ??? tu???i 105.

C?? m???t ??i???u r???t ?????c bi???t trong Big Sister, Little Sister, Red Sister l?? c??u chuy???n c???a ba ch??? em g??i ???khuynh ?????o??? Trung Qu???c th??? k??? 20 ???? ???????c th??? hi???n trong b???i c???nh nam gi???i c?? s???c m???nh th???ng tr???. Ch????ng m??? ?????u cu???n s??ch t???p trung ho??n to??n v??o T??n Trung S??n v?? ch????ng ti???p theo l?? v??? ??ng T??n Gia Th???. T???t c??? ??i???u n??y nh???m to??t l??n r???ng ???nh h?????ng c???a ph??? n??? th???i k?? ???? ch??? c?? th??? ???????c th??? hi???n th??ng qua m???i li??n h??? v???i nh???ng ng?????i ????n ??ng quy???n l???c v?? m???nh m???. T??c gi??? Jung Chang c??ng cho ?????c gi??? hi???u ???????c t??m l?? v?? nh???ng h???n ch??? m?? ph??? n??? ??? Trung Qu???c th??? k??? 20 ph???i ?????i m???t khi h??? mu???n t???o d???ng s??? th??nh c??ng c???a ri??ng m??nh.

Ngu???n: Zing News