Richard Nixon: T???ng th???ng M??? duy nh???t t???ng t??? ch???c

Ngu???n: Historic figures, BBC

Bi??n d???ch: Tr???n M???n Linh

Richard Nixon (1913-1994) l?? t???ng th???ng th??? 37 c???a Hoa K??? v?? l?? ng?????i duy nh???t t???ng t??? ??????ch???c ??? m???t quy???t ?????nh li??n quan ?????n v??? b?? b???i Watergate. Nhi???m k??? t???ng th???ng c???a ??ng c??n ???????c ????nh d???u b???i s??? ki???n con ng?????i l???n ?????u ti??n ?????t ch??n l??n m???t tr??ng.

Sinh ng??y 09/11/1913 t???i California, Richard Milhous Nixon h???c lu???t v?? sau ???? l??m vi???c cho m???t c??ng ty lu???t ??? M???. N??m 1940, ??ng k???t h??n v???i Patricia Ryan v?? h??? c?? v???i nhau hai con g??i. Trong Th??? chi???n II, Nixon ph???c v??? trong H???i qu??n Hoa K??? ??? Th??i B??nh D????ng. T???i n??m 1946, ??ng ???????c b???u v??o Qu???c h???i v?? ???? gi??nh ???????c m???t gh??? trong Th?????ng vi???n v??o n??m 1950, ?????i di???n cho bang California.

N??m 1952, ??? tu???i 39, Nixon ???????c Dwight Eisenhower l???a ch???n ????? tr??? th??nh b???n ?????ng h??nh c???a ??ng trong chi???n d???ch tranh c??? t???ng th???ng, v?? h??? ???? mang v??? m???t chi???n th???ng vang d???i. V???i t?? c??ch l?? ph?? t???ng th???ng, Nixon th?????ng xuy??n ?????i di???n cho Eisenhower ??? m???t s??? ho???t ?????ng trong v?? ngo??i n?????c. N??m 1956, Nixon v?? Eisenhower t??i ?????c c??? m???t c??ch d??? d??ng.

N??m 1960, Nixon ???????c ????? c??? l??m ???ng vi??n ?????ng C???ng h??a cho v??? tr?? t???ng th???ng, song ??ng ???? thua s??t n??t tr?????c John F Kennedy. ??ng tr??? l???i l??m lu???t s?? cho ?????n n??m 1968, khi Nixon l???n n???a ???????c ?????ng C???ng h??a ????? c??? v?? ???? gi??nh chi???n th???ng ??? cu???c b???u c??? t???ng th???ng n??y.

V???n ????? quan tr???ng nh???t ?????t ra cho Nixon khi ??ng tr??? th??nh t???ng th???ng l?? chi???n tranh ??? Vi???t Nam. ??ng b???t ?????u cho M??? r??t qu??n nh??ng ?????n th??ng 04/1970, Nixon l???i cho ph??p ti???n h??nh m???t cu???c x??m nh???p v??o Campuchia ????? truy ??u???i qu??n ?????i B???c Vi???t. ?????ng th???i, Nixon theo ??u???i ch??nh s??ch c???i thi???n quan h??? v???i Trung Qu???c v?? Li??n X??. N??m 1972, ??ng ???? th??m c??? B???c Kinh v?? Moskva. C??ng n??m, Nixon t??i ?????c c??? m???t c??ch vang d???i v?? t???i th??ng 01/1973, m???t l???nh ng???ng b???n ???? ???????c k?? gi???a Hoa K??? v?? ch??nh quy???n B???c Vi???t Nam.

Trong chi???n d???ch b???u c??? n??m 1972, m???t cu???c ?????t nh???p ???? x???y ra ??? v??n ph??ng c???a ???y ban Qu???c gia ?????ng D??n ch??? t???i khu ph???c h???p Watergate, Washington DC. N??m ng?????i ????n ??ng li??n quan ?????n chi???n d???ch tranh c??? c???a Nixon ???? b??? b???t gi???. B???ng ch???ng v??? v??? che ?????y d???n b??? ph??t hi???n v?? khi???n Nixon b??? li??n l???y. Ng??y 08/08/1974, ??ng tuy??n b??? t??? ch???c sau nhi???u th??ng di???n ra v??? b?? b???i. Ph?? T???ng th???ng Gerald Ford ???? tuy??n th??? nh???m ch???c t???ng th???ng. 

Sau khi ngh??? h??u, Nixon ???? ??i t???i nhi???u n??i tr??n th??? gi???i v?? xu???t b???n b???y cu???n s??ch. ??ng qua ?????i v?? ?????t qu??? v??o ng??y 22/04/1994.